Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

79 questions · 86 findings · 23 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 7 · 8.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 14 · 16.3%Low 33 · 38.4%Moderate 31 · 36%High 1 · 1.2%

Acute to subacute CGH: Cervical stretch/ROM vs sham

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with subAcute cervicogenic headache (CGH)

Acute to subacute CGH: Cervical stretch/ROM showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( compared with SHAM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Low

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with Chronic CGH

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( compared with NO INTERVENTION (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 97 participants
Moderate

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs manual therapy

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with Chronic CGH

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: 6 weeks treatment VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( compared with manual Therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 96 participants
Moderate

Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercise + Cervical/UE Strengthening + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs sham

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with chronic MND

Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercise + Cervical/UE… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( compared with PLACEBO or SHAM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
mean difference 0.26
1 study · 77 participants
Low

Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs sham

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with chronic MND

Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Dynamic Cervical… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( compared with SHAM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
mean difference 0.04
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Chronic MND: Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Stretch + UE Endurance Training vs no treatment or waiting list

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)

Chronic MND: Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Stretch + UE Endurance… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( compared with NO INTERVENTION or WAIT LIST (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
mean difference 0
1 study · 393 participants
Moderate

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic/UE Endurance Training vs control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with Acute to Chronic MND

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic/UE Endurance Training showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( compared with CONTROL (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 198 participants
Moderate

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with subacute/chronic WAD

Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM +… showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( compared with THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 132 participants
Low

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic + UE Strengthening vs control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with Acute to Chronic MND

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic + UE Strengthening showed no clear difference in pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( compared with CONTROL (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 157 participants
Moderate
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 163 participants
Very low
Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 26 participants
Low

Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical/Shoulder Stabilization vs WAIT LIST

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 147 participants
Moderate

Minimal invasive discectomy vs micro/discectomy

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with lumbar disc herniation

2 findings from 1 review

Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 599 participants
Low
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 577 participants
Very low

Minimal invasive discectomy vs micro/discectomy

Mean LBP intensity on a numerical scale, e.g. 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain) ‐ 2‐year post operative · participants with lumbar disc herniation

2 findings from 1 review

Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 577 participants
Low
Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 577 participants
Low

Traction vs Placebo or no active treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Moderate

Traction vs another type of traction

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Traction vs any other treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 304 participants
Moderate

Physiotherapy with traction vs physiotherapy without traction

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity ‐ intermediate‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic neck pain with or without radicular symptoms and cervicogenic headache

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 269 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Strong opioids vs placebo

Mean pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale 0–10) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1887 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity ‐ short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 106 participants
Low