What do systematic reviews say?

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training vs usual care, non‐exercise intervention

• Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 424 participants
  Low

NPPV vs oxygen therapy

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) showed no clear difference in hospital mortality compared with oxygen therapy (low certainty).

• Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure following upper abdominal surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.71]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Low

NPPV vs oxygen therapy

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) may leads to lower rate of tracheal Intubation compared with oxygen therapy (low certainty).

• Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure following upper abdominal surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.08, 0.83]
  2 studies · 269 participants
  Low

NPPV vs oxygen therapy

It is very uncertain whether noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) changes ICU length of stay compared with oxygen therapy (very low certainty).

• Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure following upper abdominal surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 269 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 1264 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 36 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 409 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 35 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 112 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 94 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported