Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

319 questions · 326 findings · 34 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 21 · 6.4%GRADE not reported 22 · 6.7%Very low 20 · 6.1%Low 81 · 24.8%Moderate 132 · 40.5%High 50 · 15.3%

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

Re‐admission during · children with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 98 participants
Very low

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

Asthma symptoms · children with acute asthma

Children: higher dose/longer course showed no clear difference in asthma symptoms Symptom free by 7 days compared with lower dose/shorter course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.22 [0.67, 2.19]
1 study · 201 participants
Moderate

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

Serious adverse events · children with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 201 participants
GRADE not reported

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

Exacerbations · children with acute asthma

Children: higher dose/longer course showed no clear difference in new exacerbation during compared with lower dose/shorter course (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.38 [0.25, 7.47]
2 studies · 231 participants
Low
Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.17 [0.67, 7.01]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

FEV1 % predicted · children with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
GRADE not reported

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

All adverse events · children with acute asthma

Children: higher dose/longer course showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with lower dose/shorter course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.67 [0.11, 4.08]
1 study · 201 participants
Moderate

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life at long‐term · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) compared with no pulmonary rehabilitation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.32 [0.08, 1.19]
3 studies · 127 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Meters change from baseline in 6MWD · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 321 participants
Moderate

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life at long‐term · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 240 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) · interstitial lung disease

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) compared with no pulmonary rehabilitation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.4 [0.14, 1.12]
4 studies · 291 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Meters change from baseline in 6MWD · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 123 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Long‐term mortality (> 36 months) · patients with diffuse emphysema

The intervention probably leads to lower long‐term mortality (> 36 months) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.76 [0.61, 0.95]
2 studies · 1280 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs usual care or no treatment

Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

Behavioural treatment probably leads to higher prolonged abstinence at longest compared with no treatment or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 25.38 [8.03, 80.22]
1 study · 3562 participants
Moderate

Pharmacological treatment vs a different pharmacological treatment

Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 166 participants
GRADE not reported

Pharmacological treatment vs a different pharmacological treatment

Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

Pharmacological treatment probably leads to higher point prevalence abstinence at longest compared with a different pharmacological treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.5 [1.47, 4.26]
1 study · 543 participants
Moderate

Combination of interventions vs different (combination) interventions or usual care

Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 6431 participants
GRADE not reported

Combination of interventions vs different (combination) interventions or usual care

Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1535 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs usual care or no treatment

Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 3618 participants
GRADE not reported

One form of behavioural treatment vs a different form of behavioural treatment

Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 739 participants
GRADE not reported