Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

146 questions · 159 findings · 9 reviews · Colorectal

No studies found 15 · 9.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.6%Very low 74 · 46.5%Low 36 · 22.6%Moderate 29 · 18.2%High 4 · 2.5%

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether helium changes pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

Helium showed no clear difference in pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Procedure‐related general complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Room air vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether room air changes pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes pain scores (first postoperative day) VAS, lower score indicates… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review