What do systematic reviews say?

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction－Epidural anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.98 [0.37, 2.58]
  3 studies · 390 participants
  Low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in amputation rate－Spinal anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.04 [0.35, 3.06]
  2 studies · 235 participants
  Low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in amputation rate－Epidural anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.66 [0.21, 2.07]
  2 studies · 230 participants
  Low

Helium vs carbon dioxide

• Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 177 participants
  Very low

Room air vs carbon dioxide

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

• Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 1.01 [0.14, 7.31]
  3 studies · 207 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  282 studies · 50812 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  41 studies · 6156 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 1678 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 327 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low