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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

77 questions · 77 findings · 3 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 32 · 41.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 3.9%Very low 15 · 19.5%Low 16 · 20.8%Moderate 8 · 10.4%High 3 · 3.9%

TENS vs sham TENS

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may leads to higher resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 7 to 20 weeks'… compared with placebo (sham TENS) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy showed no clear difference in resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 6 to 12 months after 6… compared with urotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week

It is very uncertain whether timer watch plus standard urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 3 months of treatment compared with standard urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months (9 months… compared with pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training vs anticholinergics

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5‐14 years with daytime urinary incontinence or post‐micturition dribbling

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at end of treatment or 1… compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence

It is very uncertain whether voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months after 6… compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 12 months of… compared with urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review