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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

237 questions · 237 findings · 13 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 79 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 39 · 16.5%Very low 55 · 23.2%Low 37 · 15.6%Moderate 25 · 10.5%High 2 · 0.8%

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training may leads to higher participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs sham

Number of minor adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in number of minor adverse events compared with sham acupuncture (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs sham

Presence or absence of urinary urgency · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes presence or absence of urinary urgency compared with sham acupuncture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs sham

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period compared with sham acupuncture (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review