Faecal incontinence late postnatal period (> 6‐12 months) · postnatal women some of whom had incontinent symptoms and some of whom had not when randomised
Postnatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in faecal incontinence late postnatal period(> 6 to 12 months) compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incontinence‐specific quality of life · postnatal women some of whom had incontinent symptoms and some of whom had not when randomised
Postnatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence‐specific quality of life (IIQ‐7)Scale from: 0… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Faecal incontinence‐specific quality of life · postnatal women some of whom had incontinent symptoms and some of whom had not when randomised
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · postnatal women some of whom had incontinent symptoms and some of whom had not when randomised
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Faecal incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were continent when randomised
1 finding from 1 review
Faecal incontinence mid‐postnatal period (> 3‐6 months) · pregnant women who were continent when randomised
1 finding from 1 review
Faecal incontinence late postnatal period (> 6‐12 months) · pregnant women who were continent when randomised
1 finding from 1 review
Incontinence‐specific quality of life · pregnant women who were continent when randomised
Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence‐specific quality of life (ICIQ‐SF)Scale from: 0… compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Faecal incontinence‐specific quality of life · pregnant women who were continent when randomised
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · pregnant women who were continent when randomised
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Emotional and behavioural problems (parent report) Scales used: BSI‐II, BSQ, CAPES, CBCL, CBQ postintervention · young children
Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in emotional and behavioural problems (parent report) Scales used:… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI postintervention · young children
Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI… compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report) Scales used: HSQ postintervention · young children
It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report)… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Internalising problems (parent report) Scale used: CAPES postintervention · young children
Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in internalising problems (parent report) Scale used: CAPES… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Social skills (parent report) Scale used: VABS postintervention · young children
It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes social skills (parent report) Scale used: VABS postintervention compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Parent‐child interaction ‐ negative behaviour (observer report) Scales used: DPICS, IBCS postintervention · young children
Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in parent‐child interaction ‐ negative behaviour (observer report)… compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Parent‐child interaction ‐ positive behaviour (observer report) Scales used: Attachment Q‐set, DPICS postintervention · young children
Group‐based parent training programmes probably leads to higher parent‐child interaction ‐ positive behaviour (observer report)… compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative atelectasis original authors’ definitions · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
Preoperative inspiratory muscle training may leads to lower postoperative atelectasis original authors’ definitions compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative pneumonia original authors’ definitions · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
Preoperative inspiratory muscle training probably leads to lower postoperative pneumonia original authors’ definitions compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mechanical ventilation > 48 hours · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes mechanical ventilation > 48 hours compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review