Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,718 questions · 1,762 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 507 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 115 · 6.5%Very low 556 · 31.6%Low 444 · 25.2%Moderate 114 · 6.5%High 26 · 1.5%

Topical anesthetics vs placebo or no intervention

Episodes of apnea · lumbar puncture in newborn infants

It is very uncertain whether topical anesthetics changes apnea: occurrence of one or more episodes№ of LPs: 100(1 quasi‐RCT) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review