Symptoms of dyspnoea · stable COPD
Triple therapy probably leads to higher symptom score TDI, ≥ 1‐unit increase (lower scores indicate worse… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD
Triple therapy may leads to higher lung function, change in trough FEV1 (mL) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (all‐cause) · stable COPD
Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in SGRQ total score · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in quality of life as measured by SGRQ total score change from baseline… compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher trough FEV1 change from baseline compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… leads to lower pneumonia compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause death · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher all‐cause death compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Proportion of people with COPD diagnoses confirmed with spirometry · health professionals managing COPD
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
4 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Proportion of patients with COPD prescribed respiratory medication consistent with recommended guidelines · health professionals managing COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Proportion of patients with COPD vaccinated against influenza/pneumococcal infections · health professionals managing COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
HRQoL · health professionals managing COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Frequency of COPD exacerbations · health professionals managing COPD
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
10 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Patient satisfaction with health care · health professionals managing COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Change in arterial partial pressure of oxygen · stable COPD
2 findings from 1 review
Change in arterial partial pressure of oxygen · post‐exacerbation COPD
2 findings from 1 review
Change in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide · post‐exacerbation COPD
2 findings from 1 review
Change in the health‐related quality of life · post‐exacerbation COPD
2 findings from 1 review