Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,227 questions · 2,562 findings · 156 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 297 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 1,616 · 63.1%Very low 405 · 15.8%Low 144 · 5.6%Moderate 81 · 3.2%High 19 · 0.7%

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Oral health-related quality of life · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher dental caries experience vs Caries-free controls

Poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children aged 3-12 years

Higher dental caries experience was associated with substantially higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.43-1.88; 6 studies; high heterogeneity I2=83.5%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Oral health behaviour (1-9 scale) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral health behaviour (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 12-month recall

Oral health-related quality of life · Regular-attending primary-care dental patients aged 3, 16 or 18 years at entry (aged up to 20; low caries risk)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low maternal education (<=6 years of schooling) vs Higher maternal education (>6 years)

Poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children aged 3-12 years

Lower maternal education was associated with poor OHRQoL (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.23; 4 studies; high heterogeneity; CI lower bound at the null; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Oral health-related quality of life · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment need vs No orthodontic treatment need

Poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children aged 3-12 years

Orthodontic treatment need was associated with modestly higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.18; 3 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs Children and adolescents without JIA (healthy peers)

Oral ulcerations · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

A single study reported more oral ulcerations in children with JIA (5/41) than without JIA (1/41); evidence is limited to one study (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher JIA disease activity/severity (e.g., high JADAS/activity scores, polyarticular RF-negative subtype, active disease, anti-TNFalpha or cyclosporine medication) vs Lower JIA disease activity / inactive or milder JIA

Prevalence and severity of oral and TMJ diseases/conditions (periodontal status and dental caries) · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Some studies suggested greater JIA disease activity/severity (and certain medications) was associated with worse periodontal and caries outcomes, but small samples meant no solid conclusion could be drawn (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Oral health assessment and oral bacteria levels (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
    Comparison 1.5 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Single-use suction toothbrush vs standard manual toothbrush (both with a chemical agent), 90 days, Ferozali 2007: Total Oral…
    1 study · 22 participants
    Very low

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs Children and adolescents without JIA (healthy peers)

Oral health-related quality of life · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Evidence on OHRQoL was limited: one study found no significant difference between groups while another found orofacial symptoms affected daily life more in JIA; no pooled estimate (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs Children and adolescents without JIA (healthy peers)

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Evidence on oral hygiene/dental plaque was inconsistent: several studies found higher plaque in the JIA group while others found no difference; no pooled estimate (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Secondary education vs University education

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In United States, secondary versus university education differed by 27.5 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health.

4 findings from 1 review
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Primary education vs University education

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In New Zealand, primary versus university education differed by 17.59 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health.

5 findings from 1 review
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Medium income vs High income

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In Canada, medium versus high income differed by 8.3 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health.

4 findings from 1 review
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Post-secondary education vs University education

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In Canada, post-secondary versus university education differed by 2.4 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health.

4 findings from 1 review
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Low income vs High income

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

Across four countries, low versus high income differed by 15.77 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health (random-effects meta-analysis; I2=13.4%).

5 findings from 1 review
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