Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

571 questions · 628 findings · 20 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

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No studies found 73 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 459 · 73.1%Very low 49 · 7.8%Low 30 · 4.8%Moderate 17 · 2.7%High 0 · 0%

Ketoconazole vs Itraconazole

Oral candidiasis (present) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 study (Caselli 1990); no evidence of a difference; not estimable/not pooled
1 study
GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Oral candidiasis (present) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.47 [0.29, 0.78]
7 studies · 1153 participants
GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.88 [0.33, 2.3]
6 studies · 2018 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Xerostomia (dry mouth relief) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Johnson 1993: positive response (>25 mm change in VAS score) in 25% of participants on placebo, 51% on pilocarpine 5 mg tds, 47% on pilocarpine 10 mg tds. LeVeque 1993: positive response in 7% on placebo vs 42% on…
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Parasympathomimetic drugs (choline esters, cholinesterase inhibitors) vs No treatment

Outcome not reported · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Other oral symptoms (oral discomfort, dysphonia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Both studies assessed oral discomfort and dysphonia (Johnson 1993; LeVeque 1993); pilocarpine reported to improve associated symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction (oral discomfort, dysphonia). No pooled data.
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Salivary flow rate · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Only two studies measured salivary flow rates (Johnson 1993; LeVeque 1993); no usable summary/pooled data reported.
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Adverse effects (side effects; treatment withdrawals) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Johnson 1993 (5 mg tds): sweating 37%, headache 15%, urinary frequency 14%, vasodilatation 12%, dizziness 10%, dyspepsia 10%, nausea 8%, asthenia 8%, diarrhoea 5%; 6% withdrew at 5 mg tds and 29% at 10 mg tds. LeVeque…
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

Other oral symptoms (dysgeusia, dysphagia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Davies 1994 assessed dysgeusia and dysphagia; pilocarpine reported more effective than mucin-based artificial saliva for dysgeusia. No pooled data.
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Davies 1994 (cross-over, 20 participants): mean improvement in VAS score 22.5 mm with pilocarpine vs 15.2 mm with artificial saliva (100 mm scale). The improvement was greater with pilocarpine but was not statistically…
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

Adverse effects (side effects; treatment withdrawals) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Davies 1994: main side effects with pilocarpine were nausea 20%, sweating 15%, lacrimation 10%. One participant definitely withdrew because of side effects; another may have.
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported