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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Injectable fillers vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) N of participants with > 50% improvement in acne scars · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.84 [1.31, 2.59] | 1 study · 147 participants | Moderate |
Fractional laser vs non‐fractional non‐ablative laser Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) Burning N of participants with adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.94, 1.06] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Injectable fillers vs placebo or no treatment Participant satisfaction N of satisfied participants · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.23, 2.15] | 1 study · 147 participants | Moderate |
Injectable fillers vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐reported adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with positive adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.1, 11.1] | 1 study · 147 participants | Low |
Injectable fillers vs placebo or no treatment Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with positive adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.36, 1.27] | 1 study · 147 participants | Low |
Injectable fillers vs placebo or no treatment Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs non‐fractional non‐ablative laser Participant satisfaction · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs non‐fractional non‐ablative laser Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs radiofrequency Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs radiofrequency Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) N of participants with > 50% improvement in acne scars · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.36, 1.68] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Fractional laser vs radiofrequency Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metronidazole vs placebo HRQOL ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azelaic acid vs placebo Participant‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity Marked improvement to complete remission on Likert scale · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [1.3, 1.63] | 4 studies · 1179 participants | High |
Doxycycline 40 mg + azelaic acid gel vs doxycycline 40 mg + metronidazole gel Physician‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity Investigator's Global Assessment of 0, 1 or 2 (clear to mild) · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.93, 1.27] | 1 study · 207 participants | High |
Doxycycline 40 mg + azelaic acid gel vs doxycycline 40 mg + metronidazole gel Clinician's Erythema Assessment ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline 40 mg + azelaic acid gel vs doxycycline 40 mg + metronidazole gel Lesion count · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 207 participants | Moderate |
Doxycycline 40 mg + azelaic acid gel vs doxycycline 40 mg + metronidazole gel Time needed until improvement · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 207 participants | High |
Doxycycline 40 mg + azelaic acid gel vs doxycycline 40 mg + metronidazole gel Duration of remission ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel HRQOL ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Participant‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Proportion of participants with adverse event · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.39, 1.22] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Physician‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity Mean change in Investigator's Global Assessment (Likert scale 0 to 5). Scale from: 0 to 4. · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Assessment of erythema or telangiectasia Mean change in CEA scale (Likert scale 0 to 4). Scale from: 0 to 4. · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Azelaic acid vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse event · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1245 participants | High |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Lesion count · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Time needed until improvement · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Minocycline 45 mg vs minocycline 45 mg + azelaic acid gel Duration of remission ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline HRQOL ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Participant‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 182 participants | Moderate |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Proportion of participants with adverse event · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 258 participants | Moderate |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Physician‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 81 participants | Moderate |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Assessment of erythema or telangiectasia · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 258 participants | Low |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Lesion count · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 258 participants | Moderate |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Time needed until improvement ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azelaic acid vs placebo Physician‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.18, 1.47] | 4 studies · 1179 participants | High |
Topical metronidazole vs oral (oxy)tetracycline Duration of remission ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg HRQOL ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Participant‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity1 Good to excellent improvement on 5‐point Likert scale · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [1.05, 1.43] | 1 study · 261 participants | High |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Proportion of participants with adverse event · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.74, 1.92] | 1 study · 299 participants | High |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Physician‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity1 Complete remission or marked improvement on a 6‐point Likert scale) · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [1.03, 1.36] | 1 study · 261 participants | High |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Assessment of erythema or telangiectasia Improved or healed · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.08] | 1 study · 285 participants | High |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Lesion count1 · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 261 participants | High |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Time needed until improvement ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low dose isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg vs doxycycline 50‐100 mg Duration of remission ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed dye laser vs Nd:YAG laser HRQOL ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azelaic acid vs placebo Assessment of erythema or telangiectasia · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1245 participants | High |
Pulsed dye laser vs Nd:YAG laser Participant‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity1 · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
Pulsed dye laser vs Nd:YAG laser Proportion of participants with adverse event1 Pain as assessed by VAS (0 to 10; higher score is worse) · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
Pulsed dye laser vs Nd:YAG laser Physician‐assessed improvement in rosacea severity ‐ not measured · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed dye laser vs Nd:YAG laser Assessment of erythema or telangiectasia1 Spectrophotometer to assess facial redness · Participants with rosacea Interventions for rosacea (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |