Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,377 questions · 1,433 findings · 149 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 326 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 87 · 6.1%Very low 440 · 30.7%Low 364 · 25.4%Moderate 190 · 13.3%High 26 · 1.8%

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months (9 months… compared with pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were continent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training probably leads to lower urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

It is very uncertain whether antenatal pelvic floor muscle training changes urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period (> 3‐6 months) · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period(> 3‐6 months) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence late postnatal period (> 6‐12 months) · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

It is very uncertain whether antenatal pelvic floor muscle training changes urinary incontinence late postnatal period(> 6‐12 months) compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Incontinence‐specific quality of life · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence‐specific quality of life (ICIQ‐SF)Scale from: 0… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women, some of who were incontinent symptoms and some who were not when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training probably leads to lower urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period (> 3‐6 months) · pregnant women who were continent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training leads to lower urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period(> 3 to 6 months) compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period (> 3‐6 months) · pregnant women, some of who were incontinent symptoms and some who were not when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training may leads to lower urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period(> 3 to 6 months) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence late postnatal period (> 6‐12 months) · pregnant women, some of who were incontinent symptoms and some who were not when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence late postnatal period(> 6 to 12 months) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review