Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

572 questions · 579 findings · 55 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 60 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 42 · 7.3%Very low 205 · 35.4%Low 210 · 36.3%Moderate 52 · 9%High 10 · 1.7%

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Maternal apnoea · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) may leads to lower maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) compared with remifentanil (continuous IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98
2 studies · 135 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) probably leads to lower additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) compared with another opioid (IV/IM) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.4, 0.81]
3 studies · 190 participants
Moderate

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Reduction in pain intensity · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Caesarean section · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Maternal apnoea · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Caesarean section · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean delivery compared with another opioid (IV/IM) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.3, 1.32]
4 studies · 215 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Maternal apnoea · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (PCA)

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Very low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (PCA)

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 215 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Weight gain in first 7 days of study (g/day) · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

1 finding from 1 review

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
522 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Not breastfeeding at hospital discharge · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

1 finding from 1 review

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
957 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Not breastfeeding at six months · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes not breastfeeding at six months (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.95]
803 participants
Very low