What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 532 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: Email as additional communication method vs usual care

• Email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Email as additional communication method vs usual care

• Email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 132 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Email as additional communication method vs usual care

• Email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention probably leads to lower residents with at least one physical restraint compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.76, 0.94]
  4 studies · 3849 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 241 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 813 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 463 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1202 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 98 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 98 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention probably leads to lower residents with at least one belt compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.73]
  3 studies · 12711 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 8841 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 228 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.86, 1.2]
  4 studies · 17954 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall‐related fracture compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.45]
  4 studies · 17954 participants
  Low