Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,718 questions · 1,762 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 507 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 115 · 6.5%Very low 556 · 31.6%Low 444 · 25.2%Moderate 114 · 6.5%High 26 · 1.5%

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in risk of myocardial infarction (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Deep vein thrombosis · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether intravenous tranexamic acid changes risk of deep vein thrombosis (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether intravenous tranexamic acid changes risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review