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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,815 questions · 6,211 findings · 638 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,052 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 441 · 7.1%Very low 1,700 · 27.4%Low 1,651 · 26.6%Moderate 1,070 · 17.2%High 297 · 4.8%

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Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Recurrence · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α changes recurrence compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease progression · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in progression compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific mortality ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α changes disease‐specific mortality compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Time to recurrence · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α may leads to higher time‐to‐recurrence compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Time to progression · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in time‐to‐progression compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific mortality ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in disease‐specific mortality compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review