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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,590 questions in 129 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer
current versionsNo studies 281 · 17.7%Ungraded 74 · 4.7%Very low 410 · 25.8%Low 420 · 26.4%Moderate 280 · 17.6%High 125 · 7.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Conformal RT vs conventional RT Acute and late GI toxicity grade 2+ · People with urological (prostate) gynaecological (cervical) cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 307 participants | High |
Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume QOL scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Evening RT vs morning RT Mean GI symptom scores · Women undergoing RT for cervical cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Evening RT vs morning RT Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Women undergoing RT for cervical cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.34, 0.76] | 2 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Evening RT vs morning RT Diarrhoea (grade 2+) (during RT) · Women undergoing RT for cervical cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: Evening RT vs morning RT QOL scores · Women undergoing RT for cervical cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Hydrogel spacer vs no intervention Mean GI symptom scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Hydrogel spacer vs no intervention Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.08, 3.38] | 2 studies · 289 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Hydrogel spacer vs no intervention Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Hydrogel spacer vs no intervention QOL scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention Mean GI symptom scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Conformal RT vs conventional RT Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People with urological (prostate) gynaecological (cervical) cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.41, 2.42] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.37, 1.35] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention QOL scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Aminosalicylates vs placebo Mean GI symptom scores (IBDQ‐B) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Aminosalicylates vs placebo Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [1.22, 1.45] | 2 studies · 143 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Aminosalicylates vs placebo Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Aminosalicylates vs placebo QOL scores · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Superoxide dismutase vs no intervention Mean GI symptom scores · People with rectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Superoxide dismutase vs no intervention Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with rectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.05, 0.86] | 1 study · 92 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Superoxide dismutase vs no intervention Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People with rectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Conformal RT vs conventional RT QoL scores · People with urological (prostate) gynaecological (cervical) cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: Superoxide dismutase vs no intervention QOL scores · People with rectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Corticosteroids vs placebo Mean GI symptom scores · Men with prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Corticosteroids vs placebo Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men with prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.62, 1.15] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Corticosteroids vs placebo Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Men with prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Corticosteroids vs placebo QOL scores · Men with prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Sucralfate vs placebo Mean GI symptom scores · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Sucralfate vs placebo Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) [acute = during RT; late = 6 months post‐RT] · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.83, 1.39] | 1 study · 335 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Sucralfate vs placebo Diarrhoea (grade 2+) [during RT] · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 | 4 studies · 284 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Sucralfate vs placebo QOL scores · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Amifostine vs no intervention Mean GI symptom scores · People with urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: IMRT vs 3DCRT Mean GI symptom scores (EORTC‐QLQPR25 scale; lower scores better) · People with urological (prostate) and gynaecological (cervical) cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 181 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Amifostine vs no intervention Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 | 3 studies · 278 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Amifostine vs no intervention Diarrhoea (grade 2+) during treatment · People with urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.06, 0.98] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Amifostine vs no intervention QOL scores · People with urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Sodium butyrate vs placebo Mean GI symptom scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Sodium butyrate vs placebo Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.41, 1.98] | 1 study · 79 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Sodium butyrate vs placebo Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Sodium butyrate vs placebo QOL scores · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Selenium vs no intervention Mean GI symptom scores · Women undergoing RT for gynecological cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Selenium vs no intervention Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Women undergoing RT for gynecological cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Selenium vs no intervention Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Women undergoing RT for gynecological cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: IMRT vs 3DCRT Acute and late GI toxicity Grade 2+ · People with urological (prostate) and gynaecological (cervical) cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.26, 0.88] | 4 studies · 444 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Selenium vs no intervention QOL scores · Women undergoing RT for gynecological cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Bile acid sequestrants vs no intervention Mean GI symptom scores (during RT) · People with pelvic cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.5 | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Bile acid sequestrants vs no intervention Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with pelvic cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.24 [1.07, 16.7] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Bile acid sequestrants vs no intervention Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People with pelvic cancer Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.82 [0.66, 12.01] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |