Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,377 questions · 1,433 findings · 149 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 326 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 87 · 6.1%Very low 440 · 30.7%Low 364 · 25.4%Moderate 190 · 13.3%High 26 · 1.8%

Respiratory muscle training vs control

Maximum expiratory pressure · cervical spinal cord injury

1 finding from 1 review

Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 151 participants
Low

Respiratory muscle training vs control

FEV1 · cervical spinal cord injury

1 finding from 1 review

Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 97 participants
Low

Respiratory muscle training vs control

Quality of life · cervical spinal cord injury

1 finding from 1 review

Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 78 participants
Low

Respiratory muscle training vs control

Respiratory complications · cervical spinal cord injury

1 finding from 1 review

Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 14 participants
High

Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training

Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3 participants
Very low

Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training

Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training

Cognitive function · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training

Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training

Adverse events · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3 participants
Very low

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐perceived cure after treatment · women with SUI

Pelvic floor muscle training leads to higher participant‐perceived cure after treatment Treatment duration: 3–6… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.38 [3.68, 19.07]
4 studies · 165 participants
High

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 146 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific symptom measures Treatment duration: 12 weeks · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific QoL measures Treatment duration: 6–12 weeks · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐perceived cure after treatment · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific symptom measures · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific QoL measures · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐perceived cure or improvement after treatment Treatment duration: 3–6 months · women with SUI

Pelvic floor muscle training probably leads to higher participant‐perceived cure or improvement after treatment Treatment… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.33 [3.88, 10.33]
3 studies · 242 participants
Moderate