Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

676 questions · 705 findings · 98 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 183 · 26%GRADE not reported 47 · 6.7%Very low 209 · 29.6%Low 153 · 21.7%Moderate 85 · 12.1%High 28 · 4%

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Ocular alignment (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 24 months, or cessation of treatment) and by the proportions of participants who developed strabismus, showed chang... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Stereo acuity (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 6 months, 2 years, or at cessation of treatment) and using different measures (TNO stereo test, Titmus fly test, Rando... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Quality of life (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 6 months) by patient preference or the Amblyopia Treatment Index questionnaire. · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Adverse events (reported occurrence of: mild reduction in the visual acuity of the sound eye not requiring treatment; light sensitivity; skin, lid, or conjunctival irritation) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 2 years). · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review

Active vs expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women)

Severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) · all women who expected a vaginal birth at 24 weeks' gestation or later and their babies

It is very uncertain whether active changes severe primary PPH (clinically estimated or measured blood loss ≥… compared with expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active vs expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women)

Maternal Hb < 9 g/dL 24‐72 hours postpartum · all women who expected a vaginal birth at 24 weeks' gestation or later and their babies

Active may leads to lower maternal Hb < 9 g/dL 24‐72 hours postpartum compared with expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active vs expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women)

Admission to SCBU/NICU · all women who expected a vaginal birth at 24 weeks' gestation or later and their babies

Active showed no clear difference in admission to SCBU/NICU compared with expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active vs expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women)

Neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy or exchange transfusion · all women who expected a vaginal birth at 24 weeks' gestation or later and their babies

It is very uncertain whether active changes neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy or exchange transfusion compared with expectant management of the third stage of labour (all women) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐severe local reaction10 · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine

The intervention probably leads to lower non‐severe local reaction10 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Fever14 · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes fever14 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

2a. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against diphtheria (surrogate outcome) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine

The intervention showed no clear difference in 2a. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against diphtheria… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

2b. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against tetanus (surrogate outcome) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine

The intervention showed no clear difference in 2b. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against tetanus… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

2c. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against pertussis (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

2d. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against Haemophilus influenzae type b disease (surrogate outcome) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine

The intervention showed no clear difference in 2d. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against Haemophilus… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review