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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

577 questions · 585 findings · 57 reviews

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No studies found 61 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 46 · 7.9%Very low 206 · 35.2%Low 210 · 35.9%Moderate 52 · 8.9%High 10 · 1.7%

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity at 30 minutes: women with severe pain)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (VAS at 60 minutes (at peak of contraction))
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour or during the postnatal period (Pain relief described as poor)
1 finding from 1 review

IM pethidine vs placebo

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (women with fair or poor relief)
1 finding from 1 review

IM pethidine vs placebo

Additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to lower additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia, maternal pain score or pain measured in labour, additional analgesia, epidural

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review