What do systematic reviews say?

Behavioural intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether behavioural intervention changes condom use for sex workers compared with control (very low certainty).

• Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.99, 1.09]
  3 studies · 1133 participants
  Very low

Behavioural intervention vs control

Behavioural intervention showed no clear difference in condom use for clients of sex workers compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.69, 1.75]
  1 study · 26 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in consistent condom use ‐ 3 months Self‐report (low certainty).

• Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.72 [0.43, 1.2]
  3 studies · 272 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in consistent condom use ‐ 6 months Self‐report (low certainty).

• Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.66, 1.4]
  4 studies · 637 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in consistent condom use ‐ 12 months Self‐report (low certainty).

• Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.75 [0.51, 1.11]
  2 studies · 487 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Oral vaccines for preventing cholera 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 29005 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Oral vaccines for preventing cholera 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58184 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Oral vaccines for preventing cholera 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 44924 participants
  Moderate

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole, clotrimazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole,… showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 2.27 [0.23, 22.56]
  1 study · 32 participants
  GRADE not reported

Itraconazole vs Fluconazole

Itraconazole showed no clear difference in empirical antifungal treatment compared with fluconazole; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.43]
  1 study · 202 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
  6 studies · 1041 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower empirical antifungal treatment compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.85 [0.73, 0.99]
  2 studies · 465 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in good compliance compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.06 [0.89, 1.27]
  2 studies · 615 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole, clotrimazole) vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  2 studies, 60 participants; effect not estimable (no events reported)
  2 studies · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in death associated with fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.44 [0.14, 15.43]
  3 studies · 718 participants
  GRADE not reported

Itraconazole vs Fluconazole

Itraconazole showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with fluconazole; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.0 [0.26, 3.89]
  1 study · 202 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found