Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse event: lead failure/ displacement · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse events: need for reoperation/ reimplantation · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse events: infection · adults with chronic pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Risk‐based vs extensive on‐site monitoring

Combined outcome of proportion of participants with major or critical monitoring findings · clinical trials in all fields of health care

Risk‐based showed no clear difference in combined outcome of proportion of participants with major or… compared with extensive on‐site monitoring (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Central and local monitoring only vs central and local monitoring with on‐site visits

Impact of the monitoring strategy on · clinical trials in all fields of health care

It is very uncertain whether central and local monitoring only changes impact of the monitoring strategy on compared with central and local monitoring with on‐site visits (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review