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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Azole vs terbinafine Mycological cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.68, 0.88] | 17 studies · 2544 participants | Moderate |
Griseofulvin vs azole Quality of life · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Griseofulvin vs terbinafine Clinical cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.14, 0.72] | 4 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Griseofulvin vs terbinafine Mycological cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.46, 0.9] | 5 studies · 465 participants | Low |
Griseofulvin vs terbinafine Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.09 [1.15, 3.82] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Low |
Griseofulvin vs terbinafine Recurrence rate · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Griseofulvin vs terbinafine Quality of life · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination terbinafine plus azole vs terbinafine monotherapy Clinical cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.01, 1.97] | 1 study · 176 participants | Very low |
Combination terbinafine plus azole vs terbinafine monotherapy Mycological cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.08, 1.83] | 1 study · 176 participants | Very low |
Combination terbinafine plus azole vs terbinafine monotherapy Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.34, 1.21] | 1 study · 176 participants | Low |
Combination terbinafine plus azole vs terbinafine monotherapy Recurrence rate · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azole vs terbinafine Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.86, 1.17] | 9 studies · 1762 participants | Moderate |
Combination terbinafine plus azole vs terbinafine monotherapy Quality of life · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azole vs terbinafine Recurrence rate · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.68, 1.79] | 5 studies · 282 participants | Low |
Azole vs terbinafine Quality of life · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Terbinafine vs placebo Clinical cure · patients with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 6 [3.96, 9.08] | 8 studies · 1006 participants | High |
Terbinafine vs placebo Mycological cure · patients with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 4.53 [2.47, 8.33] | 8 studies · 1006 participants | High |
Terbinafine vs placebo Adverse events · patients with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.87, 1.47] | 4 studies · 399 participants | Moderate |
Terbinafine vs placebo Recurrence rate · patients with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0.01, 0.38] | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Moisturisers vs no treatment (no moisturiser) Change from baseline in disease severity according to participants ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Atopiclair vs vehicle Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.79, 1.33] | 4 studies · 430 participants | Moderate |
Atopiclair vs vehicle Change from baseline in disease severity according to the investigators · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 426 participants | Moderate |
Atopiclair vs vehicle Number of participants who experienced a flare · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.11, 0.31] | 3 studies · 397 participants | Moderate |
Atopiclair vs vehicle Change in use of topical active treatment ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Atopiclair vs vehicle Change from baseline in health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Change from baseline in disease severity according to the participants (number of participants who considered their skin to have improved) · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.06, 1.53] | 1 study · 129 participants | Low |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Participant satisfaction · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [1.16, 2.34] | 1 study · 129 participants | Moderate |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Change from baseline in disease severity according to the investigators (number of participants who improved according to the investigators) · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1.14, 1.71] | 1 study · 129 participants | Moderate |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Number of participants who experienced a flare · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.24, 0.92] | 1 study · 44 participants | Low |
Moisturisers vs no treatment (no moisturiser) Participant satisfaction ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Change in use of topical active treatment ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urea‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Change from baseline in health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Change from baseline in disease severity as assessed by the participants(number of participants who considered their dry skin to have improved) · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.01, 1.48] | 1 study · 134 participants | Moderate |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Participant satisfaction ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.68, 1.19] | 2 studies · 385 participants | Moderate |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Change from baseline in disease severity as assessed by the investigators · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 249 participants | High |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Number of participants who experienced a flare ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Change in use of topical active treatment ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerin/glycerol‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or placebo Change from baseline in health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Change from baseline in disease severity as assessed by the participants (number of participants who considered their skin to have improved) · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.84, 1.46] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Moisturisers vs no treatment (no moisturiser) Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | 15.34 [0.9, 261.64] | 1 study · 173 participants | Low |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Participant satisfaction · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.74, 1.52] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 15.34 [0.9, 261.64] | 1 study · 173 participants | Low |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Change from baseline in disease severity as assessed by the investigators · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 272 participants | Low |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Number of participants who experienced a flare · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.12, 0.77] | 1 study · 43 participants | Low |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Total amount of topical corticosteroids used · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 222 participants | Low |
Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser Change from baseline in health‐related quality of life · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 226 participants | Low |
All moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Change from baseline in disease severity as assessed by the participants (number of participants who considered their skin to have improved) · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.46 [1.16, 5.23] | 5 studies · 572 participants | Low |
All moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser Participant satisfaction · people with eczema Emollients and moisturisers for eczema (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.77, 2.36] | 3 studies · 298 participants | Low |