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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

870 questions · 912 findings · 85 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 65 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 34 · 3.7%Very low 115 · 12.6%Low 273 · 29.9%Moderate 330 · 36.2%High 95 · 10.4%

Intervention not reported

Change in Exercise Capacity (6MWD) · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease)

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Improvement in WHO Functional Class · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease)

The intervention showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO Functional Class (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious Adverse Events (Participants with one or more event) · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious Adverse Events (Participants with one or more event) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Hospital admission (exacerbation) · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in hospital admission (exacerbation) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Mortality (all cause) · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in mortality (all cause) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium probably leads to higher quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months compared with tiotropium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Hospital admissions · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all cause) compared with tiotropium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Hospital admission (exacerbation) · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in hospital admission (exacerbation) compared with tiotropium alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Mortality (all cause) · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in mortality (all cause) compared with tiotropium alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review