Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

477 questions · 520 findings · 39 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 91 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 14 · 2.7%Very low 137 · 26.3%Low 149 · 28.7%Moderate 104 · 20%High 25 · 4.8%

Intervention not reported

Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute LBP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Massage vs inactive control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 761 participants
Low

Massage vs active control

Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 585 participants
Very low

Massage vs inactive control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 615 participants
Very low

Massage vs inactive control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 725 participants
Low

Massage vs inactive control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Long‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 615 participants
Very low

Massage vs inactive control

Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 624 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 964 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 757 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 618 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Long‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 616 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 1: Brazilian arnica extract vs placebo

Pain reduction based on Pain VAS instrument 0‐100 scale · patients with back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 10: Spiroflor SRL vs CCC

Pain VAS 0‐100 scale · patients with acute and chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
161 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 2: Topical capsaicin cream or plaster vs placebo

Pain perception according to the Pain VAS scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP or soft tissue pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
755 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table 3: Topical capsaicin cream vs placebo

Pain evaluation on a 10 cm linear scale · patients with acute mechanical LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
40 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 4: H. procumbens vs placebo

Arhus pain index scale 0‐130 · patients with chronic back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
315 participants
Low

Summary of findings table 5: H. procumbens extract vs Vioxx®

Modified Arhus Index Scale 0‐120 · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
88 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 9: Lavender oil acupressure massage and acupoint stimulation vs usual care

Pain VAS 0‐10 scale · patients with acute LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
61 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Functional status, short term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI 0 to 100%) or Roland Morris (0 to 24) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
340 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse event—not reported · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found