What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in adult immunizations ‐ other than influenza or travel ('Other adult') (low certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.08 [0.91, 4.78]
  4 studies · 8065 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher adult influenza immunizations (moderate certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.17, 1.43]
  15 studies · 59328 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher adolescent immunizations (high certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.17, 1.42]
  10 studies · 30868 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher patient telephone reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.75 [1.2, 2.54]
  7 studies · 9120 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher patient letter reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.21, 1.38]
  27 studies · 81100 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher patient postcard reminder or recall (high certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.3]
  8 studies · 27734 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher patient text message reminder or recall (high certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.15, 1.44]
  6 studies · 7772 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher patient autodialer message reminder or recall (high certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]
  5 studies · 11947 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.28 [1.14, 1.45]
  8 studies · 6506 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention (high certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [1.1, 1.35]
  3 studies · 2701 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with provider reminder… (moderate certainty).

• Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.91 [2.67, 3.19]
  2 studies · 4120 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – emergency (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – for psychological reasons (low certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.5, 1.36]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes caesarean section – overall (very low certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.56, 1.18]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – scheduled (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.11]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – urgent (moderate certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.58, 1.33]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found