Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

461 questions · 475 findings · 59 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 112 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 13 · 2.7%Very low 66 · 13.9%Low 140 · 29.5%Moderate 112 · 23.6%High 32 · 6.7%

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

End of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether active NRT changes 6‐month abstinence ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

6‐Month abstinence ‐ heterozygous · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in 6‐Month abstinence ‐ heterozygous compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous minor · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether active NRT changes 6‐Month abstinence ‐ homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous · people who smoke

Active NRT probably leads to higher abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous compared with placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

End of treatment ‐ homozygous major · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether active NRT changes end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

End of treatment ‐ heterozygous · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether active NRT changes end of treatment ‐ heterozygous compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

End of treatment ‐ homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous minor · people who smoke

Active NRT may leads to higher abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review