Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,125 questions · 1,173 findings · 91 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 47 · 4%Very low 199 · 17%Low 325 · 27.7%Moderate 271 · 23.1%High 139 · 11.8%

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Progression‐free survival · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to lower progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall response rate (ORR), · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to higher overall response rate (ORR) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Grades 3 and 4 adverse events · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to lower adverse Events grade 3‐4 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

QoL · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to higher QOL‐C30 GHS/QOL (range 0‐100) ‐ change from baseline to week 15 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Overall survival (OS) · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall Survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Grades 3 and 4 adverse events · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed no clear difference in adverse Events grade 3 to 4 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs active control

Symptomatic VTE · ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE compared with with active control (1) (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs active control

Major bleeding · ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs active control

Symptomatic PE · ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE compared with with active control (1); GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs active control

Symptomatic DVT · ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs active control

Total VTE · ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin showed no clear difference in any VTE compared with with active control (1); GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review