Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,815 questions · 6,211 findings · 638 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,052 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 441 · 7.1%Very low 1,700 · 27.4%Low 1,651 · 26.6%Moderate 1,070 · 17.2%High 297 · 4.8%

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Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse events (total) Average study duration (range): not stated · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review