Diarrhoea · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors leads to higher gastrointestinal adverse effects: diarrhoea compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Psychiatric adverse effects (roflumilast 500 µg) · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors probably leads to higher psychiatric adverse effects (roflumilast 500 µg) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
EDTA showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Coronary heart disease mortality – CHD deaths · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
It is very uncertain whether EDTA changes coronary heart disease death compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Myocardial infarction · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
EDTA showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Angina · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
It is very uncertain whether EDTA changes angina compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stroke · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
EDTA showed no clear difference in stroke compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ankle brachial index · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
1 finding from 1 review
Maximum walking distance · atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
1 finding from 1 review
Mean number of wet nights a week · children with nocturnal enuresis
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis
Alarm may leads to higher proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with placebo drug (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Proportion of children with adverse events · children with nocturnal enuresis
1 finding from 1 review
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioural and psychological symptoms · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Mood · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Sleep · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review