Instrumental vaginal birth · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes assisted vaginal birth compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes caesarean section compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of pharmacological analgesia · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes use of pharmacological pain relief compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of labour (hours) · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pain. WOMAC normalised to 0‐20 pain scale based on largest study reporting the 0‐20 scale (Hurley 2007). Lower score indicated less pain. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Physical function. WOMAC function scales normalised to 0‐100. Lower score indicated improved physical function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy scores transformed to exercise beliefs score with score range from 17 to 85. Higher score indicated greater self‐efficacy. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Depression. Depression scores were transformed to the HADS depression scale with score range of 0‐21. Lower score indicated less depression. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Anxiety. HADS scale of 0‐21. Lower score indicated lower anxiety levels. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
SF‐36 social function. Domain of SF‐36 considered representative of quality of life: mental health domain largely covered by depression and anxiety above: scale of 0‐100. Higher score indicated improved social function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse effects of treatment · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 24–48 hours postpartum) · women undergoing vaginal birth
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Severe morbidity · women undergoing vaginal birth
Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in severe morbidity compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women undergoing vaginal birth
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Blood transfusion · women undergoing vaginal birth
Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in blood transfusion compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of plasma expanders · women undergoing vaginal birth
Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in use of plasma expanders compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of therapeutic uterotonics · women undergoing vaginal birth
Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in use of therapeutic uterotonics compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal infection · women undergoing vaginal birth
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Overall survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma
Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 0.42 [0.37, 0.48]
418 participants
High
Progression‐free survival · people with cutaneous melanoma
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy probably leads to lower progression‐free survival† compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 0.76 [0.63, 0.92]
502 participants
Moderate