Assisted vaginal birth — not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section — not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological analgesia · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes use of pharmacological pain relief compared with music (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Length of labour — not reported · women in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with childbirth experience (higher scores indicate more satisfaction) · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · women in labour
Massage may leads to higher satisfaction with childbirth experience compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes assisted vaginal birth compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes caesarean section compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of pharmacological analgesia · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether massage changes use of pharmacological pain relief compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of labour (hours) · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pain. WOMAC normalised to 0‐20 pain scale based on largest study reporting the 0‐20 scale (Hurley 2007). Lower score indicated less pain. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Physical function. WOMAC function scales normalised to 0‐100. Lower score indicated improved physical function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy scores transformed to exercise beliefs score with score range from 17 to 85. Higher score indicated greater self‐efficacy. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Depression. Depression scores were transformed to the HADS depression scale with score range of 0‐21. Lower score indicated less depression. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Anxiety. HADS scale of 0‐21. Lower score indicated lower anxiety levels. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
SF‐36 social function. Domain of SF‐36 considered representative of quality of life: mental health domain largely covered by depression and anxiety above: scale of 0‐100. Higher score indicated improved social function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse effects of treatment · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 24–48 hours postpartum) · women undergoing vaginal birth
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Severe morbidity · women undergoing vaginal birth
Direct estimation using calibrated drapes showed no clear difference in severe morbidity compared with indirect estimation using visual estimation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review