Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,751 questions · 12,775 findings · 807 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,413 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 709 · 5.5%Very low 3,483 · 27.3%Low 3,165 · 24.8%Moderate 1,628 · 12.7%High 377 · 3%

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Probiotics vs placebo

Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women

Probiotics showed no clear difference in breast pain compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.01]
2 studies · 335 participants
Low

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

Probiotics may leads to lower number of women with adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum compared with usual care or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.1, 1.34]
3 studies · 429 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Anxiety · individuals with any cancer at any stage

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions for symptom management in adults with cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 277 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Depression · individuals with any cancer at any stage

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions for symptom management in adults with cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1059 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Fatigue · individuals with any cancer at any stage

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions for symptom management in adults with cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 895 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Emotional distress · individuals with any cancer at any stage

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions for symptom management in adults with cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 968 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Other outcomes included uncertainty, pain, sexually related symptoms, dyspnoea, and general symptoms. Data for any of these outcomes were not pooled due to considerable heterogeneity across all aspects. Magnitudes of effect were not reported · individuals with any cancer at any stage

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions for symptom management in adults with cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
Very low

Phenytoin (antiepileptic) vs placebo

Aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Desipramine (antidepressant) vs placebo

Adverse events · adults with antisocial personality disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Nortriptyline (antidepressant) vs placebo

Aggression · men with alcohol dependency

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Nortriptyline (antidepressant) vs placebo

Reconviction · men with alcohol dependency

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Nortriptyline (antidepressant) vs placebo

Global state/functioning · men with alcohol dependency

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low