Intervention not reported
Breathlessness ‐ subgroup analysis ‐ studies not using short‐burst oxygen Lower score indicates improvement in breathlessness · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Breathlessness ‐ subgroup analysis ‐ studies measuring during exercise test Lower score indicates improvement in breathlessness · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Breathlessness ‐ subgroup analysis ‐ studies not measuring during exercise test Lower score indicates improvement in breathlessness · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Health‐related quality of life ‐ all trials Higher scores indicate improved health‐related quality of life · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with tiotropium (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all causes) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in exacerbation ‐ at 12‐month compared with tiotropium (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 pre‐dose ‐ FEV1 1 year · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate
Dyspnea · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Functional capacity · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
CI: Confidence interval · COPD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Functional capacity · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
CI: Confidence interval · COPD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Functional capacity · COPD
2 findings from 1 review
Peak aerobic capacity · COPD
1 finding from 1 review