Primary outcome measure: recurrent stroke (non‐fatal or fatal) stratified by the type of device studied ‐ Amplatzer PFO occluder · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
TDC showed no clear difference in primary outcome measure: recurrent stroke (non‐fatal or fatal)… compared with medical therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death from any cause (secondary outcome 3) · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
TDC showed no clear difference in secondary outcome: all‐cause mortality at the end of compared with medical therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome:total serious adverse events at the end of · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
TDC showed no clear difference in secondary outcome:total serious adverse events at the end of compared with medical therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: the incidence of atrial fibrillation · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
TDC probably leads to higher secondary outcome: the incidence of atrial fibrillation compared with medical therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time‐to‐event analyses for recurrent stroke · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
TDC showed no clear difference in time‐to‐event analyses for recurrent stroke compared with medical therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time‐to‐event analyses for recurrent stroke stratified by the type of device ‐ Amplatzer PFO occluder · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
TDC showed no clear difference in time‐to‐event analyses for recurrent stroke stratified by the type… compared with medical therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of somatic symptoms at end of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment response at end of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life at post‐treatment Indexed by self‐report measures of quality of life or functional disability · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Healthcare use · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
Psychological therapy probably leads to lower acceptability 1 ‐ proportion of participants withdrawing during… compared with usual care or waiting list (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dysfunctional cognitions, emotions, or behaviours (participant rated) at end of treatment Whitely Index · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
Psychological therapy may leads to higher treatment response at end of treatment CGI‐improvement/Global… compared with usual care or waiting list (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life at post‐treatment Indexed by self‐report measures of quality of life or functional disability · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Healthcare use · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of somatic symptoms at end of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
Psychological therapy showed no clear difference in acceptability 1 ‐ proportion of participants withdrawing during… compared with enhanced or structured care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dysfunctional cognitions, emotions, or behaviours at end of treatment Whitely Index (different forms) · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Quit at longest · individuals who smoke cigarettes and are admitted to a hospital for medical or surgical care
It is very uncertain whether smoking cessation counselling changes quit at longest compared with no smoking cessation counselling, grouped by intensity of intervention (very low certainty).
4 findings from 1 review
RR 1.52 [0.8, 2.89]
2 studies · 1417 participants
Very low
RR 1.27 [1.02, 1.58]
12 studies · 4432 participants
Moderate
RR 1.04 [0.9, 1.2]
7 studies · 4627 participants
Very low
Show 1 more finding
Viral illness ‐ clinical respiratory illness · general population and healthcare workers
It is very uncertain whether N95 respirators changes viral respiratory illness ‐ clinical respiratory illness compared with medical/surgical masks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review