Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

628 questions · 671 findings · 31 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 215 · 32%GRADE not reported 29 · 4.3%Very low 156 · 23.2%Low 165 · 24.6%Moderate 69 · 10.3%High 37 · 5.5%

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Ethical competency · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Satisfaction with care · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Moral distress · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Patient involvement in decision‐making · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Health‐related quality of life · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Ethical competency · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Satisfaction with care · adult participants

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
478 participants
Very low

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Decisional conflict · adult participants

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
62 participants
Very low

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Moral distress · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Patient involvement in decision‐making · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome measure · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – emergency · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – emergency (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – elective repeat · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – overall · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes caesarean section – overall (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.56, 1.18]
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – VBAC · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – scheduled · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – scheduled (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.11]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – urgent · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – urgent (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.58, 1.33]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity or mortality · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention probably leads to lower maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity or mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome measure · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found