Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

647 questions · 674 findings · 100 reviews

No studies found 129 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 95 · 14.1%Very low 220 · 32.6%Low 142 · 21.1%Moderate 64 · 9.5%High 24 · 3.6%

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (latex balloon inflated with air) plus cerclage and normal care vs normal care

Number of women with total blood loss 1000 mL or more after randomisation · women with PPH, due to atony, following vaginal birth at home or in hospital (Soltan 2007)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (latex balloon inflated with air) plus cerclage and normal care vs normal care

Blood transfusion (red cell or whole blood) · women with PPH, due to atony, following vaginal birth at home or in hospital (Soltan 2007)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Plaque · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in plaque (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (participant/carer preference) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Long term (>12 months)
    Comparison 2.8 (reported; not GRADE-rated). One NRS (Bratel 1991, 23 participants), self-efficacy at 16 months: 10/12 people with ID using the electric toothbrush reported a preference for it, finding it easier to use…
    1 study · 23 participants
    GRADE not reported

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingivitis · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (<6 weeks)
    Electric vs manual toothbrush. Assorted gingival indices scale 0-4, 2-4 weeks; 252 participants (4 RCTs); Low. Four studies showed no significant differences for gingival inflammation short term; data could not be…
    4 studies · 252 participants
    Low

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

Dental caries levels of people with ID · People with intellectual disabilities (ID), living at home, in day care, in hospital or in a residential care setting; all levels of ID as…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

Any unintended (positive or negative) effects of the interventions · People with intellectual disabilities (ID), living at home, in day care, in hospital or in a residential care setting; all levels of ID as…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adverse/unintended effects addressed narratively: 10 of 34 studies investigated or reported negative unintended or adverse effects (e.g. difficulty with the electric or 3-headed toothbrushes, being frightened by the…
    10 studies
    GRADE not reported

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingival inflammation (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Oral health assessment and oral bacteria levels (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
    Comparison 1.5 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Single-use suction toothbrush vs standard manual toothbrush (both with a chemical agent), 90 days, Ferozali 2007: Total Oral…
    1 study · 22 participants
    Very low

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
    Comparison 1.6 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Bildt 2010, Superbrush vs conventional, 4 months, 18 participants (1 RCT): carer handling of toothbrush MD 0.50 (95% CI -0.35 to…
    1 study · 18 participants
    Very low

Motivational interviewing vs another smoking cessation intervention

Smoking cessation · tobacco smokers (general population, adolescents, offenders, homeless, substance users, hospital inpatients, HIV‐positive)

Motivational interviewing showed no clear difference in smoking cessation at ≥ 6 months compared with another smoking cessation intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Plaque · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes plaque (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingivitis · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingival inflammation (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene interventions (mechanical plaque removal): knowledge-based, behavioural, or skills training for people with ID or their carers vs Usual care, no care, or a similar alternative intervention

Quality of life changes or long-term, patient-centred outcomes (e.g. tooth retention) · People with intellectual disabilities (ID), living at home, in day care, in hospital or in a residential care setting; all levels of ID as…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Calculus · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in calculus (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review