Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,149 questions · 1,211 findings · 179 reviews

No studies found 175 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 86 · 7.1%Very low 286 · 23.6%Low 341 · 28.2%Moderate 254 · 21%High 69 · 5.7%

Ocrelizumab vs placebo

Number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions on MRI · primary progressive multiple sclerosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants experiencing disability progression · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab may leads to lower number of participants experiencing disability progression compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with any adverse events · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab showed no clear difference in number of participants with any adverse events compared with interferon beta‐1a (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with any serious adverse events · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab showed no clear difference in number of participants with any serious adverse events compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with adverse events leading to study discontinuation · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab may leads to lower number of participants experiencing treatment discontinuation caused… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with gadolinium‐enhancing T1 lesions on MRI · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab may leads to lower number of participants with gadolinium‐enhancing T1 lesions on MRI compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions on MRI · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab may leads to lower number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing disability progression · primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab may leads to lower number of participants experiencing disability progression compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ocrelizumab vs placebo

Number of participants with any adverse events · primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab probably leads to higher number of participants with any adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Pain at 12 months or more (long-term postobturation pain) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Sinus or fistula formation at last · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption

It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes sinus tract or fistula formation compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72 hours), continuous (VAS) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption

Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Pain at 1 month · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Postobturation pain at 1 week · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption

It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes postobturation pain at 1 week compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Radiological failure (periapical radiolucency) after at least 1 year · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption

Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in radiological failure (periapical radiolucency) after at least 1 year compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Subjective memory measures ‐ intermediate EMQ, MSNQ, CFQ, MFQa · people with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Objective verbal memory measures ‐ intermediate CVLT, AVLT, HVLT, VLT, SRT, MUSICa · people with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Objective visual memory measures ‐ intermediate BVMT‐R, SPART, CMT, ROCF · people with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Objective working memory measures ‐ intermediate PASAT, WAIS · people with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review