Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Change in weight (kg) · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Constipation · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at… compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Constipation · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all‐cause): number of people admitted to hospital compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in exacerbation: number of people experiencing one or more exacerbation compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review