Change in weight (kg) · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
2 findings from 1 review
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in DBP (mmHg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
Constipation · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at… compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in DBP (mmHg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
Constipation · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Outcomes · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
HRQoL: CRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Six‐minute walk distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all‐cause): number of people admitted to hospital compared with usual care (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in exacerbation: number of people experiencing one or more exacerbation compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
24 participants
GRADE not reported