Ocular alignment (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 24 months, or cessation of treatment) and by the proportions of participants who developed strabismus, showed chang... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review
Stereo acuity (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 6 months, 2 years, or at cessation of treatment) and using different measures (TNO stereo test, Titmus fly test, Rando... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 6 months) by patient preference or the Amblyopia Treatment Index questionnaire. · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (reported occurrence of: mild reduction in the visual acuity of the sound eye not requiring treatment; light sensitivity; skin, lid, or conjunctival irritation) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 2 years). · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…
1 finding from 1 review
Long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical morbidities (adverse effects) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review
SoF (Very Low): Clinical morbidities assessed with questionnaires, follow-up 12 months; risk with orthognathic surgery 3/14; risk with maxillary distraction osteogenesis 3/15; relative effect -; 29 participants (1…
1 study · 29 participants
Very low
Psychological status: social self-esteem (Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory subset); also general self-esteem and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review
Results text (Ungraded; not in SoF): social self-esteem (subset of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory, CFSEI) - DO participants had lower social self-esteem in the first three months postoperatively, with a…
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported
Development and eruption of the second permanent molar · Children aged 5 to 15 years with a compromised first permanent molar
Root closure and eruption of the second permanent molar appeared accelerated on the extraction side in a single case-control study; ungraded and not statistically tested.
1 finding from 1 review
Development and eruption of the third molar · Children aged 5 to 15 years with a compromised first permanent molar
Development and eruption of the third molar appeared accelerated after early first permanent molar extraction in two studies (e.g., eruption OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.37 to 5.96); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 2.86 [1.37, 5.96]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Midfacial soft tissue changes (facial profile landmarks: pronasale, subnasale, stomion superius, labrale superius) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis showed no clear difference in midfacial soft tissue changes (facial profile landmarks: pronasale,… compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Results text (Ungraded; not in SoF): both groups showed notable positive soft tissue changes of the upper lip and nose after maxillary advancement (39 participants). Between-group soft tissue differences at 2 years…
1 study · 39 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Non‐severe local reaction10 · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine
The intervention probably leads to lower non‐severe local reaction10 (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fever14 · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes fever14 (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
2a. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against diphtheria (surrogate outcome) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine
The intervention showed no clear difference in 2a. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against diphtheria… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
2b. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against tetanus (surrogate outcome) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine
The intervention showed no clear difference in 2b. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against tetanus… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
2c. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against pertussis (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
2d. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against Haemophilus influenzae type b disease (surrogate outcome) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine
The intervention showed no clear difference in 2d. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against Haemophilus… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pain: 0 to 10 on MBPS 0 = no pain; 10 = worst possible pain4 · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination vaccine
1 finding from 1 review