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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,106 questions · 1,202 findings · 24 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

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No studies found 145 · 12.1%GRADE not reported 760 · 63.2%Very low 201 · 16.7%Low 66 · 5.5%Moderate 29 · 2.4%High 1 · 0.1%

Amifostine (intravenous) vs Amifostine (subcutaneous)

Xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Amifostine (intravenous) led to lower xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) compared with amifostine (subcutaneous); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Interruptions to cancer treatment (unscheduled radiotherapy breaks of 5 or more days) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment (unscheduled radiotherapy breaks… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-3 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Bethanechol led to lower xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-3 scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Salivary flow rate (stimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Bethanechol showed no clear difference in salivary flow rate (stimulated, ml/min) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Taste acuity improvement - objective outcome (continuous) - taste recognition (cross-over trial) · Patients with taste disturbances (dysgeusia/hypogeusia; idiopathic, zinc-deficient, or secondary to chronic renal failure)

It is very uncertain whether zinc supplements (zinc sulphate, zinc gluconate, zinc picolinate,… changes taste acuity improvement - objective outcome (continuous) - taste… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving chemotherapy alone

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), intravenous led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Amifostine vs no treatment/placebo

Overall survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

It is very uncertain whether amifostine changes overall survival compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Salivary flow rate (unstimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Bethanechol led to higher salivary flow rate (unstimulated, ml/min) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), higher dose/regimen vs Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), different (lower) dose/regimen

Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single dose) vs Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple doses)

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Children receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for mixed cancers

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Health‐related quality of life · Patients with taste disturbances (dysgeusia/hypogeusia; idiopathic, zinc-deficient, or secondary to chronic renal failure)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing taste disturbances 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Results (health-related quality of life): None of the studies reported data on health-related quality of life. Heckmann 2005 (zinc) reported that signs of depression were less severe (Beck Depression Inventory P<0.05;…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… may leads to lower oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), higher dose (1260 to 12,600 micrograms) vs Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), lower dose (12.6 to 126 micrograms)

Oral mucositis (severe) · breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), higher… led to higher oral mucositis (severe) compared with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), lower…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review