Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,751 questions · 12,775 findings · 807 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3,413 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 709 · 5.5%Very low 3,483 · 27.3%Low 3,165 · 24.8%Moderate 1,628 · 12.7%High 377 · 3%

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Alarm vs control or no treatment

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm may leads to higher proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with control or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus control alarm · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus… compared with other types of alarm (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with desmopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children with adverse events · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm probably leads to lower proportion of children with adverse events compared with desmopressin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with tricyclics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children dry at compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Alarm plus other intervention vs other interventions

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm plus other intervention changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other intervention (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review