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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Intervention not reported

Acute exacerbations (number of exacerbations/person/year) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

The intervention showed no clear difference in acute exacerbations (number of exacerbations/person/year) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality (deaths during trial period) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality (deaths during trial period) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year) **Corticosteroids not meta‐analysed · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

The intervention may leads to higher antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year)… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events (number of adverse events/person/year) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (number of adverse events/person/year) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azoles vs placebo

Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis

Azole showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review