Gingivitis · Individuals of any age with no reported disability that might affect toothbrushing (including people wearing orthodontic appliances)
Powered toothbrush, circular action showed no clear difference in gingivitis score (1 to 3 months) compared with manual toothbrush; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Cost (relative cost of powered vs manual) · Individuals of any age with no reported disability that might affect toothbrushing (including people wearing orthodontic appliances)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Bad breath (halitosis) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Bad breath (halitosis) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss) · Adults, 16 years and older (dentate)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
It is very uncertain whether flossing plus toothbrushing (self-performed; manual or automated… changes plaque (Turesky-modified Quigley-Hein/other plaque indices; SMD) compared with toothbrushing alone (with or without a negative-control/placebo rinse) (very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
SMD -0.23 [-0.52, 0.06]
5 studies · 416 participants
Very low
SMD -0.06 [-0.23, 0.12]
3 studies · 487 participants
GRADE not reported
SMD -0.20 [-0.36, -0.04]
5 studies · 594 participants
GRADE not reported
Side effects · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
1 finding from 1 review
Not estimable (5 studies). Adverse effects were assessed in five studies, but they used different outcome measures, so meta-analysis was not appropriate. The main harm identified was soft-tissue trauma to the gingival…
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Gingivitis · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
Flossing plus toothbrushing (self-performed; manual or automated… led to lower gingivitis (Gingival Index, 0-3 scale; SMD) compared with toothbrushing alone (with or without a negative-control/placebo rinse); GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
SMD -0.41 [-0.68, -0.14]
6 studies · 656 participants
GRADE not reported
SMD -0.36 [-0.66, -0.05]
7 studies · 489 participants
Very low
SMD -0.72 [-1.09, -0.35]
4 studies · 564 participants
GRADE not reported
Economic and resource cost of flossing · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Interproximal caries · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss) · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Bad breath (halitosis) · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Calculus · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Individuals of any age with no reported disability that might affect toothbrushing (including people wearing orthodontic appliances)
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque (level reduction) · Individuals of any age with no reported disability that might affect toothbrushing (including people wearing orthodontic appliances)
1 finding from 1 review
Gingivitis (level reduction) · Individuals of any age with no reported disability that might affect toothbrushing (including people wearing orthodontic appliances)
1 finding from 1 review
Trimpeneers 1997 (36 adolescents); no significant differences between counter oscillation and rotation oscillation for gingival index / bleeding index at 1 and 2 months (P values 0.06 to 0.75); data unsuitable for…
1 study · 36 participants
GRADE not reported