What do systematic reviews say?

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab probably leads to lower time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.59, 0.9]
  1 study · 542 participants
  Moderate

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab may leads to higher quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 9.05 [4.61, 13.5]
  1 study · 519 participants
  Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab probably leads to higher response rate (partial and complete response) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85 [1.24, 2.77]
  1 study · 542 participants
  Moderate

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.24, 3.79]
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse event compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.39, 1.1]
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Pembrolizumab may leads to lower serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 590 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 698 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 760 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 785 participants
  Low