Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,327 questions · 2,494 findings · 87 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 450 · 18%GRADE not reported 1,487 · 59.6%Very low 385 · 15.4%Low 121 · 4.9%Moderate 50 · 2%High 1 · 0%

Gabapentin vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Change in feeling of dryness · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Physical barriers (tongue protector) vs placebo

Adverse effects (narrative) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months)
    SoF7. Adverse effects: single study narratively reported that no adverse events occurred from the use of tongue protectors; 50 participants (1 RCT); low.
    1 study · 50 participants
    Low

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse) vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

Pain · People with BRONJ (mean age ~66 years; most treated with bisphosphonates for cancer (multiple myeloma, breast cancer) or osteoporosis)
1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Abdominal pain · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: abdominal pains compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse) vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

Adverse effects · People with BRONJ (mean age ~66 years; most treated with bisphosphonates for cancer (multiple myeloma, breast cancer) or osteoporosis)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) vs placebo

Weight gain · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) changes adverse effects: weight gain compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: urinary incontinence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: urinary incontinence compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) changes adverse effects: gastrointestinal complaints compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) vs placebo

Adverse effects: mild headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) changes adverse effects: mild headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) vs placebo

Change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) changes change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: palpitations · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: palpitations compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) vs placebo

Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy vs placebo

QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether electromagnetic radiation (low-level laser therapy) changes change in quality of life (QoL) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (lycopene) vs placebo

Change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (lycopene) changes change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review