Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

90 questions · 90 findings · 8 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 38 · 42.2%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.4%Very low 26 · 28.9%Low 16 · 17.8%Moderate 6 · 6.7%High 0 · 0%

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Number of responders · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Frequency of crying episodes per 24 h · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Parental or family quality of life, including measures of parental stress, anxiety or depression · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Parental satisfaction · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Adverse effects to dietary modifications · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Spoken communication Measured by: Mullen Scale of Early Learning: Expressive Language Index (MSEL: log (base 2) transformed age equivalent scores) · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Non‐verbal communication/AAC · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Combined spoken and non‐verbal communication/AAC · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Adverse events · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Social communication and pragmatic language skills · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Other communication skills · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Quality of life for the individual or their family and parent satisfaction · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Non‐core aspects of behaviour and function · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

CI: Confidence interval · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

Mean length of utterance (MLU) · second language (L2) learners up to six years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

L2 listening comprehension · second language (L2) learners up to six years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

L2 narrative skills · second language (L2) learners up to six years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 487 participants
Moderate

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

PTSD symptoms, post‐treatment (self‐reported or clinician‐rated) · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1130 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

Depressive symptoms · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 901 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

Dropout from treatment (a count of participants not meeting study‐defined completion threshold) · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions showed no clear difference in dropout from treatment (a count of participants not meeting… compared with inactive control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.51, 1.44]
5 studies · 242 participants
Low